QAROT

Quota Adoption and Reform over Time (QAROT), 1947-2015

These are longitudinal data on the adoption, implementation, and reform of national gender quotas. Data on type of quota, quota thresholds, placement mandates, sanctions for non-compliance, and quota effectiveness are provided in country-year format. Data begin in 1947 with the adoption of the first national gender quota and extend through the end of 2015. Data were released publicly in August 2017.

  • Downloads: Data in CSV Format (.csv) and Codebook.

  • Citations: When using the data, please cite the dataset and an article that introduces the data:

    • Hughes, Melanie M., Pamela Paxton, Amanda Clayton, and Pär Zetterberg. 2017. Quota Adoption and Reform over Time (QAROT), 1947-2015. [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], http://doi.org/10.3886/E100918V1.

    • Hughes, Melanie M., Pamela Paxton, Amanda Clayton, and Pär Zetterberg. Forthcoming. "Global Gender Quota Adoption, Implementation, and Reform." Comparative Politics.

WIP

Women in Parliament, 1893-2003

These data provide information on women's inclusion in parliamentary bodies in over 150 countries from 1945 to 2003. Information is provided on female suffrage, the first female member of parliament, yearly percentages of women in parliaments, and when women reached important political milestones.

  • Funding: National Science Foundation SES-0549973

  • Downloads: Data in Excel Format (.xlsx) and Codebook. Additional data formats are available through ICPSR.

  • Citation: When using the data, please cite the dataset and an article that uses the data:

    • Paxton, Pamela, Jennifer Green, and Melanie M. Hughes. 2008. Women in Parliament Dataset, 1893-2003. [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2008-12-22. doi:10.3886/ICPSR24340.v1.

    • Paxton, Pamela, Melanie M. Hughes, and Jennifer Green. 2006. "The International Women's Movement and Women's Political Representation, 1893-2003." American Sociological Review 71(6):898-920. Download Article